My Personal opinion only, Scott...you laid out a good question.
INTENTIONALITY....and then right along with it....SUBJECTIVITY....
The referee is there, up close and personal....not no one else!
...of course that means the next part is CREDIBILITY (of the referee), KNOWLEDGEABILITY :0) (of the referee), and EXPERIENCABILITY :0) (of the referee) because no matter which call you make...half the people will not be happy campers....
ain't this fun?
Randy Waitman